{"id":17862,"date":"2024-08-07T22:33:22","date_gmt":"2024-08-08T02:33:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.iri.com\/blog\/?p=17862"},"modified":"2024-08-10T07:18:35","modified_gmt":"2024-08-10T11:18:35","slug":"data-scrambling","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.iri.com\/blog\/data-protection\/data-scrambling\/","title":{"rendered":"Data Scrambling: Format-Preserving Scramble (FPS)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This article demonstrates the use of the \u201cformat preserving scramble\u201d (FPS) function available in IRI Voracity data masking and test data synthesis tools <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-1-17862' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/www.iri.com\/blog\/data-protection\/data-scrambling\/#easy-footnote-bottom-1-17862' title='&lt;i&gt;In this case, the IRI FieldShield and DarkShield data masking tools, and the RowGen test data synthesis and subsetting tools in the IRI Voracity platform\u2019s Data Protector &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.iri.com\/products\/iri-data-protector&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Suite&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;c20 c2&quot;&gt;'><sup>1<\/sup><\/a><\/span>. <\/span>FPS obfuscates numeric and alphabetic data in a random way but preserves the format and original widths of the characters (including upper- and lower-case letters).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Punctuation or other characters, such as &#8211; or *, are left unaltered so that data formats such as those found in Social Security numbers and phone numbers are retained. This type of masking is useful for Personally Identifiable Information (PII) when both security and realism are needed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">FPS is meant to be a more secure form of masking than format-preserving encryption (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iri.com\/solutions\/data-masking\/static-data-masking\/encrypt\/format-preseving-encryption\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">FPE<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">). The reason FPS is more secure than FPE is because FPS is not reversible.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Unlike encryption, FPS is not deterministic either, and thus replacement values will not consistently correspond with their original plaintext values (as they would with FPE). For this reason, do not use FPS if preserving referential integrity matters.<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><b>FPS Rule Wizard<\/b><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You can find and open the FSP rule from the Random Replacement section of Masking Rules.<span id='easy-footnote-2-17862' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/www.iri.com\/blog\/data-protection\/data-scrambling\/#easy-footnote-bottom-2-17862' title='Because the purpose of the FPS rule is to replace original values with randomly generated values that follow a specific format, it is categorized as a Masking Rule and further categorized as a type of random replacement.'><sup>2<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">See <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iri.com\/blog\/data-protection\/iri-data-classification\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">this article<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> on the Data Class and Rule Library to understand how masking rules can be applied en-masse to PII or other sensitive data you can define and discover\/classify.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-17866 aligncenter\" src=\"\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Data-Class-and-Rule-Library-243x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"444\" height=\"548\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iri.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Data-Class-and-Rule-Library-243x300.png 243w, https:\/\/www.iri.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Data-Class-and-Rule-Library.png 505w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 444px) 100vw, 444px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Once you highlight this rule and click <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Next <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&gt; you will see this wizard page for configuring your FPS masking rule:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-17867 aligncenter\" src=\"\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/FPS-wizard-215x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"452\" height=\"631\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iri.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/FPS-wizard-215x300.png 215w, https:\/\/www.iri.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/FPS-wizard.png 503w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 452px) 100vw, 452px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When creating an FPS rule, you can either choose to allow FPS to generate values based on each incoming value, or provide a default value that will dictate the format of the output. The ability to provide a default value format allows you to use the FPS rule with IRI RowGen, too; see the second example at the end of this article.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-17868\" src=\"\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/FPS-rule-240x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"439\" height=\"549\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iri.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/FPS-rule-240x300.png 240w, https:\/\/www.iri.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/FPS-rule.png 501w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 439px) 100vw, 439px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you decide to provide a default format type for the rule, there are seven options:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Manually provide a value (word, number, phrase).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">YYYY-MM-DD<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">MM-DD-YYYY<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">DD-MM-YYYY<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">HH:MM<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">HH:MM:SS<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">HH:MM:SS.nnnnnnnnn<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the example above, when option 2 was selected from the menu, a literal value is placed inside the FPS rule to provide a format for future data that will be generated.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Note that the date\/time formats will output realistic <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">valid date values (unlike FPE). However, they are not aligned with SortCL date and time data types, as FPS is for data declared as ASCII or NUMERIC only.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><b>FPS Example in a FieldShield (Data Masking) Job Script<\/b><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The syntax for the FPS masking rule in a field statement is <\/span><b>scramble_fp( {$FIELD} )<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Like fp_encrypt functions, FPS can be applied to fields typed as ASCII or NUMERIC.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The example below shows the use of the FPS rule used to anonymize several columns of incoming data from a table in a database while preserving the data\u2019s original format. Orange lines in this FieldShield mapping diagram show which fields are being masked:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-17870\" src=\"\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Example-of-FPS-rule-300x145.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"785\" height=\"379\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iri.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Example-of-FPS-rule-300x145.png 300w, https:\/\/www.iri.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Example-of-FPS-rule-768x372.png 768w, https:\/\/www.iri.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Example-of-FPS-rule.png 903w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 785px) 100vw, 785px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This FieldShield job is serialized in this <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iri.com\/produts\/cosort\/sortcl\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SortCL<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">-compatible script:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-17871 aligncenter\" src=\"\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/sortcl-script-300x182.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"809\" height=\"491\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iri.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/sortcl-script-300x182.png 300w, https:\/\/www.iri.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/sortcl-script-1024x620.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.iri.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/sortcl-script-768x465.png 768w, https:\/\/www.iri.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/sortcl-script.png 1118w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 809px) 100vw, 809px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the script above, the scramble_fp() rule takes in the incoming field name to determine the expected format for the scrambled output.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Original data inside database table<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-17872\" src=\"\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Original-data-inside-database-table-300x116.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1115\" height=\"431\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iri.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Original-data-inside-database-table-300x116.png 300w, https:\/\/www.iri.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Original-data-inside-database-table-1024x396.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.iri.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Original-data-inside-database-table-768x297.png 768w, https:\/\/www.iri.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Original-data-inside-database-table.png 1267w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1115px) 100vw, 1115px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Note that FPS was applied to most, but not all of the target fields mapped to the output. The masked data is shown below as specified, in an Excel spreadsheet:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-17873\" src=\"\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/masked-data-in-xls-spreadsheet-300x108.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"858\" height=\"309\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iri.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/masked-data-in-xls-spreadsheet-300x108.png 300w, https:\/\/www.iri.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/masked-data-in-xls-spreadsheet-1024x368.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.iri.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/masked-data-in-xls-spreadsheet-768x276.png 768w, https:\/\/www.iri.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/masked-data-in-xls-spreadsheet.png 1419w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 858px) 100vw, 858px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Note also that the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iri.com\/products\/cosort\/sortcl\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SortCL<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">-compatible FieldShield job script shown above can also be expanded to accommodate ETL, cleansing, reporting and complex business logic.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><b>FPS Example in a RowGen (Data Synthesis) Job Script<\/b><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is also possible to apply the FPS function to randomly generated or selected data (which RowGen synthesizes in the input phase of its jobs). In this example, the scramble function defined in the output phase also reformats the raw alpha-digit input into desired formats:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-17874\" src=\"\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/reformats-the-raw-alpha-digit-input-300x136.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"759\" height=\"344\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iri.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/reformats-the-raw-alpha-digit-input-300x136.png 300w, https:\/\/www.iri.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/reformats-the-raw-alpha-digit-input-768x347.png 768w, https:\/\/www.iri.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/reformats-the-raw-alpha-digit-input.png 982w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 759px) 100vw, 759px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The sample job script shown above produces values based on the format of a literal default value passed to the<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> scramble_fp(\u201csome_value\u201d)<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> rule as a parameter. Here, the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">scramble_fp(fieldname)<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> statements were used to scramble and transform incoming raw values into the parenthetically-defined formats in the script.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Scrambled Results:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-17875\" src=\"\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/scrambled-result-300x95.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"884\" height=\"280\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iri.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/scrambled-result-300x95.png 300w, https:\/\/www.iri.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/scrambled-result-1024x323.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.iri.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/scrambled-result-768x243.png 768w, https:\/\/www.iri.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/scrambled-result.png 1067w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 884px) 100vw, 884px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Some of the data generated in this job was used as input in the prior FieldShield job sample, too. If you are interested in the use of FPS or other data masking or generation functions from IRI, please email <\/span><a href=\"mailto:voracity@iri.com\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">voracity@iri.com<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This article demonstrates the use of the \u201cformat preserving scramble\u201d (FPS) function available in IRI Voracity data masking and test data synthesis tools . FPS obfuscates numeric and alphabetic data in a random way but preserves the format and original widths of the characters (including upper- and lower-case letters). Punctuation or other characters, such as<\/p>\n<div><a class=\"btn-filled btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iri.com\/blog\/data-protection\/data-scrambling\/\" title=\"Data Scrambling: Format-Preserving Scramble (FPS)\">Read More<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":152,"featured_media":17877,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[1386,1337,14,19,18,1890,15,9,1888,98,789,1812,148,49,1889],"class_list":["post-17862","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-data-protection","tag-darkshield","tag-data-integrity","tag-data-masking","tag-data-obfuscation","tag-data-privacy","tag-data-protection-tools","tag-data-security","tag-fieldshield","tag-format-preserving-scramble-fps","tag-format-preserving-encryption","tag-iri-voracity","tag-masking-rules","tag-personally-identifiable-information","tag-rowgen","tag-test-data-synthesis"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v23.4 (Yoast SEO v23.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Data Scrambling: Format-Preserving Scramble (FPS) - IRI<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn how to use the \u201cformat preserving scramble\u201d (FPS) function in IRI Voracity&#039;s FieldShield and DarkShield data masking tools. 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